The complexity of modern Engineering projects, driven by the integration of multiple disciplines and the demand for higher system reliability, necessitates advanced methodologies beyond traditional document-based Systems Engineering. Model-Based Systems Engineering ((MBSE)) has emerged as a crucial methodology, leveraging domain models to manage the intricacies of complex Engineering Systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of (MBSE), tracing its historical development, key concepts, and theoretical frameworks. It contrasts (MBSE) with traditional Systems Engineering, highlighting its superiority in managing complexity through enhanced traceability, validation, and early detection of design flaws. The application of (MBSE) across industries such as aerospace, automotive, and defense is examined, with a focus on case studies demonstrating its success and the challenges encountered. Emerging trends, including the integration of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and digital twins, are explored, revealing the potential for these technologies to further enhance (MBSE) practices. Despite its strengths, (MBSE) faces challenges related to scalability, integration with other Engineering disciplines, and the need for more robust validation methods. The review concludes with recommendations for practitioners and researchers, emphasizing the importance of continued innovation and education in (MBSE) to address these challenges and ensure its relevance in future complex Engineering projects.

This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

In this research, an engineered process with a new approach to change control is presented and implemented on a complex space product. This approach involves using design constraint levels in a combination of two design structure matrix (DSM) structures and a systematic process for controlling changes. The system process includes the use of the system change evaluation code, how to create the transfer model, and the management evaluation of the requested change. While using similar existing methods in the literature, this paper provides a systematic approach to apply the knowledge of the designers of a space project to guide change control of large Engineering projects, including managerial change control decisions and how to identify the best path for the change control process. Finally, a space orbiter has been selected for a brief implementation of a case study. The comparative results show the benefit of the proposed approach.

Due to the high investment costs for deep-water subsea production Systems of high-value subsea fields, it is crucial to ensure a high availability to recover the investment. The problem is compounded by the cost of recovery, repair and replacement of failed equipment. Testing and reliability analyses are two pillars of reliability assurance; neither of them on their own assures the delivery of a reliable system. Possibly with more imaginative use of reliability methods, it is possible to optimise testing. It is suggested to use reliability analysis as a guide for allocating resources for testing. This paper outlines a Systems Engineering Framework to link the Client’s requirements for equipment reliability, as a means of proving the desired level of performance.This framework allows a better understanding of verification settings and strategies to handle constraints (e.g. costs, expandability, repair-ability, maintainability, intervention procedures, downtime, automation etc.) and performance measures, to achieve highly reliable production Systems. The bilateral links between the Client’s requirements and subsea equipment performance are established using the Systems Engineering V-model. These links relate equipment performance to one or more of the Client’s requirements, which helps establish verification and validation testing strategies to enhance reliability and reduce project risk. The proposed procedure also assists risk management efforts by feeding the results of reliability analyses, testing and project risk analysis into validation processes, the Systems Engineering measurement process ensures enhanced reliability.We define reliability assurance as a part of the Systems Engineering processes to ensure the continued function and resilience of the production system from the downhole valve to the subsea equipment, housed on the topside or at an onshore terminal, in their operating environment and condition using the “Fit-For-Service” notion.

Engineering education, alongside various fields of Engineering, requires research and importance. In Engineering sciences, numerical simulation using computer software is one of the important research tools for engineers. MATLAB/Simulink software is one of the practical Engineering software. Due to its wide range of applications, training in this software is of particular importance. In this paper, a training method based on a coherent set of blocks used for Engineering Systems is introduced. This method is based on images and the goal is to implement the blocks in the Simulink environment. Factors such as the name, appearance, and performance of block components are important. The proposed method is effective in improving the recognition and mental maintenance of these factors. Examples of implementing this idea at different levels are introduced as assignments or tests. The experience of implementing this method over several semester shows that it can be easily implemented on various Engineering Systems. The results from surveys on sustainability, recognition, and psychological aspects are analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed package is investigated through pre- and post-test.

The paper shows the aspects of introducing energy-efficient equipment for Engineering Systems within the context of productivity enhancement in general. The author as research relevance brings a thesis that each of production members reach after implementing possibility for increasing general effectiveness of business operation. The paper reveals the issues of factor and expert assessments for introducing innovations at the enterprise and economic evaluation of the place of energy-efficient technologies in the general medium of production enterprise modernization. The novelty of the study is an aspect that under conditions of energy products’ cost increase and significant energy intensity of present-day production, the issue of energy conservation and choice of priorities of investment into the project of energy efficiency increase at enterprises is a major concern. Reduction of production cost is one of the most important ways of effective competition and increasing of productiveness of an enterprise in the modern conditions. The authors offer to evaluate the process of energy conservation in a complex way, taking into account all investment consequences: economic, technical, ecological, organizational, commercial, and others. The prospect areas of research: cost-to-use analysis from the introduction of personally developed Systems of energy conservation.

Objectives: Hypertension is the most common cause of stroke and kidney failure in the elderly and medication adherence is vital in controlling complications. This study aims to determine the effect of the Johnson Model-Based program on medication adherence among the elderly with hypertension. Methods & Materials: The present study was a clinical trial that was performed on the elderly with hypertension referred to the Shahid Aval comprehensive health service center in Isfahan City, Iran. Through the convenience sampling method, 70 older adults were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, 6 sessions of a family-based medication adherence program were performed based on the Johnson model. Demographic characteristics questionnaire and sphygmomanometer were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 statistical software using independent t test, Chi-square, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: No difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the distribution of demographic characteristics. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure before the intervention in the group were not significantly different, but immediately and three months after the intervention in the intervention group, it was significantly lower than the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion: Johnson's Model-Based program was effective in lowering hypertension in the elderly. Therefore, the method used in the present study is proposed to older adults and elderly care nurses as a simple, non-invasive, low-cost, and effective method of reducing hypertension.